The U.S. leads in just three: the UK, Ireland, and Switzerland.
China is now the top trade partner for Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.
The visual highlights the top trading partner of each European country based on International Monetary Fund’s data for Q1-Q3 2025.
Europe’s nearly US$30 trillion economy is diverse and spans sectors such as energy, manufacturing, and agriculture, yet nearly half of all European countries rely on the same major trading partner for their imports and exports.
While Germany is Europe’s trade giant, its own largest trade partner is the Netherlands. The two countries have an annual trading relationship worth more than US$200 billion, marked by extensive economic integration and joint supply chains.
Many European countries trade most with their largest neighboring country.
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Source: Andrew Chan Yik Hong